Determination of Accurate Dynamic Topography for the Baltic Sea Using Satellite Altimetry and a Marine Geoid Model

Accurate determination of dynamic topography (DT) is expected to quantify a realistic sea surface with respect its vertical datum and in identifying sub-mesoscale features ocean dynamics. This study explores method that derives DT by using satellite altimetry (SA) conjunction high-resolution marine geoid model. To assess the method, was computed along-track SA from Sentinel- 3A (S3A), Sentinel-3B (S3B), Jason-3 (JA3), then compared derived tide-gauge-corrected hydrodynamic model (HDM) for period 2017–2019 over Baltic Sea. Comparison SA-derived corrected HDM showed average discrepancies range ±20 cm, root mean square errors 9 cm (for S3B) 6 S3A JA6) standard deviation between 2 16 cm. Inter-comparisons data sources multi-mission Sea also potentially identified certain persistent semi-persistent problematic areas are either associated deficiencies geoid, tide gauge, HDM, or combination all these. In addition, it observed have potential show more (detailed) variation which tended generate only smooth (low-pass) underestimate DT.